posted by Sun T. on Jul 2
Wemi Elangomelleeq’ Endchijeeq’ ['All You-to-whom-I'm-related As-many as-you-are'],
Kwangomelhummo! [I-greet-you! (plural)]
There are two historical questions that have been raised regarding the relationship between the Nanticoke and the Lenape. The first is whether the Nanticoke are Lenape in origin. The second is whether the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribe can rightly use the name �Nanticoke.� While I am not a genealogist or historian by profession, in response to these two concerns, I felt that I should share some of what I had already known in additional to what I have learned through my own research.
The Lenape, also called �Lenni-Lenape,� have always been acknowledged as one of the most ancient Algonquian Nations. �Algonquian� refers to the language family spoken by many North American Indian Tribes. Many historians assert that the Lenape are the root of the Algonquian (also spelled �Algonkian�) group of tribes and the Lenape language is the root of all Algonqu
ian Languages (properly known as �Algic� to linguists). The Algonquian language family includes Lenape (also know as �Delaware�), Mohegan / Pequot, Mohican / Mahican, Nanticoke, Shawnee, Narragansett, Wampanoag, Ojibwe, Ottawa, Patawatomi, Blackfoot, and MANY others. This linguistic understanding is also supported by the honored description �Grandfathers� or �Ancient Ones� given to the Lenape by ma ny other tribes. Many nations have descent from the Lenape in their ancient oral tradition as well as within Lenape historical tradition. While the authenticity of the Walum Olam (a pictorial record of Lenape ancient history on wooden strips revealed to the non-Native public in the mid 1800�s) is debated by some, it certainly affirms that during the 1800�s, there was a well accepted assumption that the Shawnee and Nanticoke branched off from among the Lenape. Several historical accounts of interactions between Nanticoke Chiefs with European settlers during the time that the Nanticoke were mostly still along the eastern shore of Maryland (1600�s and the 1700�s prior to the migrations) clearly indicate that the Nanticoke ancestors viewed themselves as the offspring of their Lenape neighbors in northern and central Delaware. These accounts also indicate that the relationship with their Lenape �cousins� was
cyclical, with periods of friendly relations and not-so friendly ones. Some of this tension may have been due to Nanticoke dominance on the central Delmarva Peninsula (combined with occasional friendly relations with the Powhatan Confederacy of the western Chesapeake), while Lenape influence reached into their area, but was more prominent in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. Additionally, the close connection between the Nanticoke and Lenape was a point of concern for the Maryland Colony, as there were periods of hostility with the Nanticoke and the potential for alliances with the numerous and well connected Lenape to the North (who were at times under treaty relationships with the Iroquois Confederacy). THEREFORE, ACCORDING TO THE ANCIENT TRIBAL HISTORICAL TRADITION, LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE AND CULTURAL COMMONALITIES, THE ANCIENT NANTICOKE DERIVED FROM THE ANCIENT LENAPE. I do not know exactly when this happened, but the history was orally preserved by both Nanticoke and Lenape elders through to the 1700�s, when it was further documented by European Missionaries. It is important to note that reluctance to embracing this fact may be due to resentment toward any implication of the dilution of Nanticoke political sovereignty or cultural uniqueness. Certainly, the Nanticoke of Delaware are an independent sovereign American Indian Nation. We must remember that the declaration �all Nanticoke are Lenape� is not a political statement, but based in common genealogy and ancient history.
Migration also created additional ties between the Nanticoke and Lenape. Many Nanticoke began moving away from the eastern shore of Maryland over 200 years ago. Many joined migrating Lenape as some of the Lenape moved westward into Pennsylvania and the Ohio Valley, eventually settling in Oklahoma. Some moved with the Lenape northward into New York and even Canada. Some came under the protection of the Iroquois Confederacy. This period has many Nanticoke leaders being counted alongside of, and often even among, the Lenape leadership in treaty interactions with European colonial authorities and, eventually the United States Government. Among those Nanticoke who remained in the Delmarva, most moved eastward into southern Delaware, infusing the Indian River Community with additional Nanticoke bloodlines. Some migrated into the central Delaware and southern New Jersey, infusing the Lenape communities with Nanticoke bloodlines. Three main interrelated tribal communities from this time period have continued: The Nanticoke Community of Sussex County Delaware; The Lenape Community of Kent County Delaware (formerly erroneously referred to as �Moors�); and, the Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Community of Cumberland County New Jersey.
Intermarriage between the communities has alw
ays occurred (in an effort to keep the Indian Blood continuous). Surname and Genealogical evidence clearly bears this out (with a recent scholarly study at one point referring to the communities as �genetically indistinguishable�). Satellite Nanticoke and Lenape mixed neighborhoods sprung up from migrating families from the three primary tribal communities in the mid 1800�s and early 1900�s in central New Jersey and Philadelphia. The shared tribal surnames continue to repeat themselves among the satellites as they do in the three primary tribal communities.
Another well documented Nanticoke migration into New Jersey�s already mixed Nanticoke and Lenape community in Cumberland County ocurred during a crop blight in the early 1900�s. It is important to state that not only was there intermarriage among migrating Nanticoke into the Lenape Communities, but that over the past century there were Nanticoke men who went into the related Lenape Communities to marry and return back to Sussex County, Delaware.
Misunderstanding regarding the interrelatedness of the communities stems primarily from a clouded legacy of relatively recent socio-political animosity (from the 1900�s) in which branches of the same families, with shared surnames and common ancestry, erroneously deny relation to each other. Commonality is evidenced, albeit mistakenly denied by some, regarding genealogy, culture and history. There is even testimony from the late 1800�s which shows that the two communities in Delaware at one time acknowledged common regional leadership (c.1785).
Chief Gould is ABSOLUTELY 100% CORRECT in his assertion of a mix of Nanticoke and Lenape blood among the people of the Tribe. With regard to New Jersey�s Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, there is NO CREDIBLE ARGUMENT AGAINST DUAL DESCENT from the historic Nanticoke and Lenape, while the evidence clearly shows both bloodlines continue within the Tribe. My own bloodline includes Nanticoke Indians documented in the 1881 Delaware state acknowledgement of Nanticoke rights in addition to core family descent from the Lenape of Kent County, Delaware.
Kiluwa Ehoalelleeq’ Wulangundik [�You You-whom-I-love� (pl.) be-at-peace-with-one-another']
Wawullamallessik! [�Fair-thee-well-continually!� (pl.)]
John Norwood
Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape